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Theoretical Physics Letters HOME JOURNALS PRICING AND PLANS SUBMIT Locked Tphysicsletters/6879/10/1490/3486tpl/Protoplanetary disks in Ks-band total intensity and polarized light Citation (36) Received 14 August 2023, Revised 28 September, Accepted 04 October 2023 Friday, October 13, 2023 at 12:15:00 PM UTC Request Open Apply Now Article Rating by Publisher 10 Exp. Astrophysics Article Rating by Readers 10 Premium doi.wikipt.org/10/1490/3486tpl Protoplanetary disks in Ks-band total intensity and polarized light Bin B. Ren (任彬) iD ⋆⋆1, 2, 3 Myriam Benisty iD 1, 2 Christian Ginski iD 4 Ryo Tazaki iD 2 Nicole L. Wallack iD 5 Julien Milli iD 2 Antonio Garufi iD 6 Jaehan Bae iD 7 Stefano Facchini iD 8 François Ménard iD 2 Paola Pinilla iD 9 C. Swastik iD 10, Richard Teague iD 11, and Zahed Wahhaj iD 12 _________________________________________________________________ 1 Université Côte d’Azur, Observatoire de la Côte d’Azur, CNRS, Laboratoire Lagrange, Bd de l’Observatoire, CS 34229, 06304 Nice cedex 4, France; bin.ren@oca.eu 2 Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Institut de Planétologie et d’Astrophysique (IPAG), F-38000 Grenoble, France 3 Department of Astronomy, California Institute of Technology, MC 249-17, 1200 E California Blvd, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA 4 School of Natural Sciences, University of Galway, University Road, H91 TK33 Galway, Ireland 5 Earth and Planets Laboratory, Carnegie Institution for Science, Washington, DC 20015, USA 6 INAF, Osservatorio Astrofisico di Arcetri, Largo Enrico Fermi 5, I-50125 Firenze, Italy 7 Department of Astronomy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA 8 Dipartimento di Fisica, Universitá degli Studi di Milano, via Celoria 16, I-20133 Milano, Italy 9 Mullard Space Science Laboratory, University College London, Holmbury St Mary, Dorking, Surrey RH5 6NT, UK 10 Indian Institute of Astrophysics, Koramangala 2nd Block, Bangalore 560034, India 11 Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA 12 European Southern Observatory, Alonso de Córdova 3107, Vitacura Casilla 19001, Santiago, Chile Theoretical Physics Letters 2023 ° 03(10) ° 0631-3486 https://www.wikipt.org/tphysicsletters Total citation received before and after publication. Citation data TOA Abstract Introduction Conclusion We thank the anonymous referee for their prompt and constructive comments. We thank Valentin Christiaens for comments on the manuscript. B.B.R. thanks Yinzi Xin for discussions on wavefront sensing in high-contrast imaging, Jie Ma on convolution effects, and Laurent Pueyo for support. Based on observations collected at the European Organisation for Astronomical Research in the Southern Hemisphere under ESO programs 0103.C0470 , 105.209E , 105.20HV , 105.20JB , 106.21HJ , and 108.22EE . For the archival data in Sect. 5.3, based on observations collected at the European Organisation for Astronomical Research in the Southern Hemisphere under ESO programs 60.A-9389 , 60.A-9800 , 095.C-0273 , 096.C-0248 , 096.C-0523 , 097.C0523 , 097.C-0702 , 097.C-0902 , 297.C-5023 , 198.C-0209 , 098.C-0486 , 098.C-0760 , 099.C-0147 , 0100.C-0452 , 0100.C-0647 , 0101.C-0464 , 0101.C0867 , 0102.C-0162 , 0102.C-0453 , 0102.C-0778 , 1104.C-0415 , 0104.C-0472 , 0104.C-0850 , 109.23BC , and 111.24GG . This project has received funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (PROTOPLANETS, grant agreement No. 101002188). This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon Europe research and innovation programme under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant agreement No. 101103114. This work has made use of the High Contrast Data Centre, jointly operated by OSUG/IPAG (Grenoble), PYTHEAS/LAM/CeSAM (Marseille), OCA/Lagrange (Nice), Observatoire de Paris/LESIA (Paris), and Observatoire de Lyon/CRAL, and supported by a grant from Labex OSUG@2020 (Investissements d’avenir – ANR10 LABX56). This research has made use of the SIMBAD database (Wenger et al. 2000), operated at CDS, Strasbourg, France. This research has made use of the VizieR catalogue access tool, CDS, Strasbourg, France (DOI: 10.26093/cds/vizier). The original description of the VizieR service was published in A&AS 143, 23 (Ochsenbein et al. 2000). The VizieR photometry tool is developed by Anne-Camille Simon and Thomas Boch. This research has made use of the Jean-Marie Mariotti Center SearchCal service4 co-developed by LAGRANGE and IPAG. Unlock Only Changeover the Schrödinger Equation This option will drive you towards only the selected publication. If you want to save money then choose the full access plan from the right side. Unlock all Get access to entire database This option will unlock the entire database of us to you without any limitations for a specific time period. This offer is limited to 100000 clients if you make delay further, the offer slots will be booked soon. Afterwards, the prices will be 50% hiked. Buy Unlock us Newsletters Abstract Diverse morphology in protoplanetary disks can result from planet-disk interaction, suggesting the presence of forming planets. Characterizing disks can inform the formation environments of planets. To date, most imaging campaigns have probed the polarized light from disks, which is only a fraction of the total scattered light and not very sensitive to planetary emission. Aims. We aim to observe and characterize protoplanetary disk systems in the near-infrared in both polarized and total intensity light, to carry out an unprecedented study of the dust scattering properties of disks, as well as of any possible planetary companions. Methods. Using the star-hopping mode of the SPHERE instrument at the Very Large Telescope, we observed 29 young stars hosting protoplanetary disks and their reference stars in the Ks-band polarized light. We extracted disk signals in total intensity by removing stellar light using the corresponding reference star observations, by adopting the data imputation concept with sequential non-negative matrix factorization (DI-sNMF). For well-recovered disks in both polarized and total intensity light, we parameterized the polarization fraction phase functions using scaled beta distribution. We investigated the empirical DI-sNMF detectability of disks using logistic regression. For systems with SPHERE data in Y-/J-/H-band, we summarized their polarized color at ≈90◦ scattering angle. Results. We obtained high-quality disk images in total intensity for 15 systems and in polarized light for 23 systems. Total intensity detectability of disks primarily depends on host star brightness, which determines adaptive-optics control ring imagery and thus stellar signals capture using DI-sNMF. The peak of polarization fraction tentatively correlates with the peak scattering angle, which could be reproduced using certain composition for compact dust, yet more detailed modeling studies are needed. Most of disks are blue in polarized J − Ks color, and the fact that they are relatively redder as stellar luminosity increases indicates larger scatterers. Conclusions. High-quality disk imagery in both total intensity and polarized light allows for disk characterization in polarization fraction. The combination of them reduces the confusion between disk and planetary signals. Introduction In the past 10 years, the advent of high angular resolution facilities enabled the detection of numerous disk substructures, such as rings, spirals, dust-depleted cavities, in the near-infrared scattered light (e.g., Benisty et al. 2015, 2023; Wagner et al. 2018; Shuai et al. 2022) and in the (sub-)millimeter/mm regime (e.g., Francis & van der Marel 2020; Long et al. 2022), indicating the ubiquity of substructures in large, bright disks (Bae et al. 2023). These substructures can be interpreted as evidence of planetdisk interactions, suggesting the presence of an underlying yetundetected population of young exoplanets (e.g., Dong et al. 2012). Additional support for this interpretation recently came from the detection of local velocity deviations in the gaseous outer disk velocity field probed with ALMA (e.g., Pinte et al. 2018; Teague et al. 2018; Pinte et al. 2020; Wölfer et al. 2023; Stadler et al. 2023). Scattered light surveys also pointed out a large fraction of infrared-faint disks, that appear more compact and featureless in scattered light because of self-shadowing effects (e.g., Garufi et al. 2022). These disks however often host substructures in the sub-millimeter (e.g., Long et al. 2018) that could be due to planets. The presence of massive planets inside cavities was also suggested in transition disks (disks with depleted inner cavities; Bae et al. 2019) and confirmed in at least one system, PDS 70, with the detection of two protoplanets (Keppler et al. 2018; Haffert et al. 2019). The range of plausible mass for the companion(s) in these disks is however quite large, as eccentric stellar companion could be sculpting the cavity (e.g., Calcino et al. 2019) as found in the HD 142527 system (Balmer et al. 2022). In that specific case, the companion is also leading to a misaligned inner disk, which casts a shadow on the outer disk (Price et al. 2018). Such misalignments were found in at least 6 transition disks (Bohn et al. 2022). Whether these features are of planetary or stellar nature, the search for the perturbers, which are responsible for all the observed disk substructures (e.g., Asensio-Torres et al. 2021; Cugno et al. 2023), is of prime importance to understand the formation and evolution of planetary systems. The detection of these perturbers would offer crucial observational evidence to test planet-disk interaction theories (e.g., Dong et al. 2015) and constrain the overall evolution of a planetary system (Bae et al. 2019). However, directly imaging planets embedded in bright and highly structured disks is very challenging with current instruments. Until now, all claims but PDS 70 still require confirmation (e.g., Kraus & Ireland 2012; Sallum et al. 2015; Quanz et al. 2015; Reggiani et al. 2018; Wagner et al. 2019; Boccaletti et al. 2020; Uyama et al. 2020; Currie et al. 2022; Hammond et al. 2023; Law et al. 2023; Wagner et al. 2023). To observe exoplanetary systems with high-contrast imaging, observation strategies including angular differential imaging (ADI; Marois et al. 2006, where parallactic angle diversity of observations is used to remove star light) have enabled the detection of prototypical planetary systems (e.g., HR 8799; Marois et al. 2008). Nevertheless, ADI detections are still limited by self-subtraction at close-in regions from the stars (e.g., Milli et al. 2012; Wahhaj et al. 2021), yet these regions are where giant planets are expected to have the most occurrence (1– 10 au; from a combination of radial velocity and high-contrast imaging surveys, e.g., Nielsen et al. 2019; Fulton et al. 2021). To overcome this limitation, on the one hand, better optimized post-processing methods for ADI datasets were developed (e.g., Pairet et al. 2021; Flasseur et al. 2021; Juillard et al. 2022, 2023). On the other hand, the diversity in archival observational data can enable the usage of other stars as the templates to remove star light and speckles with the reference differential imaging (RDI) data reduction strategy (e.g., Ruane et al. 2019; Xie et al. 2022). Moving forward along the direction of RDI, the Spectro-Polarimetic High contrast imager for Exoplanets REsearch (SPHERE; Beuzit et al. 2019) at the Very Large Telescope (VLT) from European Southern Observatory (ESO) initiated the star-hopping mode (Wahhaj et al. 2021), which offers quasi-simultaneous observations of a science star and its reference star, unleashing the full potential in exoplanet imaging in close-in regions for SPHERE. Determining dust properties is of fundamental importance for the early stage of grain growth and planetesimal formation, as they will determine the efficiency of grain sticking and fragmentation (Birnstiel et al. 2012). In addition to the planet imaging capabilities with SPHERE, the star-hopping mode enables optimized extraction of disks in scattered light in total intensity. This goes beyond the polarimetric surveys that have been routinely carried out in the near-infrared (e.g., Avenhaus et al. 2018; Garufi et al. 2020; Ginski et al. 2020), and allows us to better study spatial distribution and properties of dust in the disk (e.g., Olofsson et al. 2023). With the observations taken in dualpolarimetry imaging (DPI: Langlois et al. 2010) mode, which probes polarized signals in the scattered light, star-hopping can also offer total intensity imaging from RDI. The combination of both can yield an estimate of the polarization fraction, and thus to better constrain dust properties (e.g., shape, composition: Ginski et al. 2023; Tazaki et al. 2023). In this study, we present the first large survey of protoplanetary disks in total intensity from the ground. As many as 29 young stars are surveyed in Ks-band with VLT/SPHERE in the star-hopping mode. Our target sample consists of both transition disk systems to search for protoplanets that can potentially reside in the close-in regions with star-hopping that are otherwise unachievable (Wahhaj et al. 2021), and non-transition disk sample of faint disks in the infrared to search for planets in their outer disk regions. We also aim to derive the polarization fraction whenever possible. The paper is structured as follows: Sect. 2 provides the description of the observations and data reduction procedure, Sect. 3 presents the polarized light and total intensity maps, Sect. 4 shows the detection limits of companions, and in Sect. 5 we present the polarization fraction maps. We summarize and conclude the study in Sect. 6. Read more related articles. On the occurrence of stellar fission in binary-driven hypernovae Buy Now Searching for Radio Outflows from M31* with VLBI Observations Buy Now A search for faint resolved galaxies beyond the Milky Way in DES Year 6: A new f Buy Now Self – Regulated Thermal Process Taking Place during Hardening of Materials ... Buy Now Conclusion We obtained Ks-band imaging of protoplanetary disks in scattered light using SPHERE/IRDIS on VLT for 29 systems in starhopping mode. In the DPI setup of IRDIS imaging, we can obtain both polarized light observations and total intensity observations simultaneously. By modeling the interior regions of the IRDIS Ks-band control ring using the information on the control ring with DI-sNMF, we have identified 15 systems in total intensity light with unprecedented data quality. For the RDI results from DI-sNMF, we calculated the companion detection limits for these observations with high-quality disk recovery: the existence of disks do raise the Ks-band detection limits in comparison to the exploration in K1-/K2-band in Wahhaj et al. (2021). Nevertheless, an actual detection is a tradeoff between contrast and band-integrated companion luminosity, and thus narrower bands do not necessarily always provide better detections. Given that star-hopping observation has no dependence on sky rotation in the pupil-tracking mode, and that it can reach similar mass detection limits as ADI observations, it should be preferred to ADI observations in terms of observational schedulability. Together with the IRDIS Qϕ data, we obtained the polarization fraction maps for these systems. With these polarization fraction maps, we can reduce the confusion by blob structures resembling planetary signals, since signals from giant protoplanets are not expected to be polarized. For the polarization fraction maps, we described the polarization fraction curves using analytical beta distributions. The polarization fractions peak between ∼20% and ∼50%, yet they could be smaller than the actual values due to convolution effects from instrumentation. Assuming these polarization fraction curves are a credible representation of the actual polarization fractions, or if they undergo similar convolution effects, then we observe a tentative trend: the peak polarization fraction increases with the peak scattering angle. Using the Tazaki & Dominik (2022) and Tazaki et al. (2023) dust models from the AggScatVIR database, we could reproduce such a trend using absorptive materials for GRS dust; nevertheless, such models do not produce the individual polarization fraction curves. In addition, there can be alternative explanations with different dust parameters, and more future analysis and dust modeling are needed to interpret the observed polarization fraction curves. Moving forward, more comprehensive extraction of the polarization fraction curves – including modeling the disk components separately – can better help in comparing the scattering properties within each disk. In addition, lab measurements (e.g., Muñoz et al. 2021; Frattin et al. 2022) may provide important dust information for the observed polarization fraction curves. For the 26 systems that have existing IRDIS observations in shorter wavelengths (Y-, J-, or H-band), we obtained the color of these systems at ∼90◦ scattering angle in polarized light. For Jpol − Ks pol and Hpol − Ks pol color in polarized light, we observe trends that the color is relatively redder when stellar luminosity increases. Such a trend indicates that the scatterers are larger for more luminous stars (e.g., Ren et al. 2023; Crotts et al. 2023). In addition, while the polarized H − Ks color here has a marginal trend of being relatively redder as stellar luminosity increases, the color ranges from red to blue for systems similar stellar luminosity, demonstrating the diversity of scatterers in different systems. In order to obtain the properties of the scatterers (e.g., mineralogy, morphology, porosity, size), detailed radiative transfer modeling efforts adopting realistic models (e.g., Tazaki & Dominik 2022; Tazaki et al. 2023) are needed. Using the SPHERE/IRDIS control ring for RDI data reduction with DI-sNMF, we cannot yet recover the disks in total intensity for systems with Gaia DR3 Rp ≳ 11 or 2MASS K ≳ 8. For the sample with high selection bias here, our logistic regression results indicate that brighter hosts, redder references, and brighter references in observational wavelengths could aid in detecting disks. Given that there is no clear evidence that closer-in references can provide better RDI imagery for the hosts, starhopping users can attribute a lower priority to on-sky proximity in reference selection. TOC (TphysicsLetters) TOC (TphysicsLetters) The Nature of the 1 MeV-Gamma Quantum in a Classic Interpretation of the Quantum Nebular spectra from Type Ia supernov Physics Tomorrow TOC HIGHLIGHTS 2023 TOC HIGHLIGHTS 2023 Theoretical Physics Letters Physics Tomorrow ZZ Ceti stars of the southern ecliptic hemisphere re-observed by TESS ZZ Ceti stars of the southern ecliptic hemisphere re-observed by TESS Physics Tomorrow References Adams Redai, J. I., Follette, K. B., Wang, J., et al. 2023, AJ, 165, 57 Allard, F., Homeier, D., Freytag, B., & Sharp, C. 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Theoretical Physics Letters HOME JOURNALS PRICING AND PLANS SUBMIT Locked Tuesday, April 2, 2024 at 7:15:00 AM UTC Request Open Apply Now Article Rating by Publisher 8 Astrophysics Article Rating by Readers 9.5 Non-Hermitian unidirectional routing of photonic qubits En-Ze Li,1, 2, ∗ Yi-Yang Liu,3, ∗ Ming-Xin Dong,1, 2 Dong-Sheng Ding,1, 2, 4, † and Bao-Sen Shi1, 2, 4, ‡ 1Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China. 2Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China. 3School of Physical Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China. 4Hefei National Laboratory, Hefei, Anhui, 230088, China TOA Abstract Introduction Conclusion Unlock Only Changeover the Schrödinger Equation This option will drive you towards only the selected publication. If you want to save money then choose the full access plan from the right side. Unlock all Get access to entire database This option will unlock the entire database of us to you without any limitations for a specific time period. This offer is limited to 100000 clients if you make delay further, the offer slots will be booked soon. Afterwards, the prices will be 50% hiked. Buy Unlock us Newsletters Abstract Efficient and tunable qubit unidirectional routers and spin-wave diodes play an important role in both classical and quantum information processing domains. Here, we reveal that multi-level neutral cold atoms can mediate both dissipative and coherent couplings. Interestingly, we investigate and practically implement this paradigm in experiments, successfully synthesizing a system with dual functionality as both a photonic qubit unidirectional router and a spin-wave diode. By manipulating the helicity of the field, we can effectively balance the coherence coupling and dissipative channel, thereby ensuring the unidirectional transfer of photonic qubits. The qubit fidelity exceeds 97.49 ± 0.39%, and the isolation ratio achieves 16.8 ± 0.11 dB while the insertion loss is lower than 0.36 dB. Furthermore, we show that the spin-wave diode can effectively achieve unidirectional information transfer by appropriately setting the coherent coupling parameters. Our work not only provides new ideas for the design of extensive components in quantum network, but also opens up new possibilities for non-Hermitian quantum physics, complex quantum networks, and unidirectional quantum information transfer. Introduction In contemporary communication and information technology, the concept of unidirectional routing for information carriers has garnered substantial attention. This concept is extensively employed in the transmission of various signals, including acoustic waves [1–3], radio frequencies [4, 5], and quantum signals [6]. Among them, gyrators serve an indispensable role as key components in facilitating efficient and orderly information exchange between different nodes [4, 7]; dual-port isolators effectively suppress reverse noise [4, 6, 8, 9]; while unidirectional amplifiers focus on the directional amplification of weak signals [10, 11]. In linear systems, the achievement of unidirectional responses hinges on the disruption of time-reversal symmetry through the application of real or synthetic magnetic fields. However, the practicality of these traditional unidirectional devices is hampered by their biased magnetic fields. In recent years, promising physical mechanisms have emerged to overcome the aforementioned limitations, including nonlinear optics [12–14], optomechanics [15, 16], atomic gases [17–21], quantum dots [22], and metamaterials [23]. The Unidirectional router and spin-wave diode simplify the intricate nature of photonic networks [8, 24], augment communication channel capacities [25, 26], and becomes valuable resources in quantum sensing [27]. Such a device promotes the development of more efficient and adaptable quantum information platforms [6, 28]. It stimulated numerous recent studies on nonreciprocal couplings and chiral magnons transfer, such as quantum transistors and transducers [29–31], quantum diodes [32–34], unidirectional amplifiers [35–38], and spin-wave diode [6, 28, 31, 39, 40]. However, as the quantum nodes increase, the cumulative effect of insertion loss and quantum coherence loss leads to a significant increase in Reference [1] T. Devaux, A. Cebrecos, O. Richoux, V. 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TOC (TphysicsLetters) TOC (TphysicsLetters) The Nature of the 1 MeV-Gamma Quantum in a Classic Interpretation of the Quantum Nebular spectra from Type Ia supernov Physics Tomorrow TOC HIGHLIGHTS 2023 TOC HIGHLIGHTS 2023 Theoretical Physics Letters Physics Tomorrow ZZ Ceti stars of the southern ecliptic hemisphere re-observed by TESS ZZ Ceti stars of the southern ecliptic hemisphere re-observed by TESS Physics Tomorrow Abstract Introduction Conclusion References All Products Quick View Newly listed Tphysletters A Unifying Bag Model of Composite Fermionic Structures in a Cold Genesis Theory Regular Price $700.00 Sale Price $400.00 Excluding Sales Tax Quick View TphysicsLetters Detection of the large-scale tidal field with galaxy multiplet alignment in the Regular Price $1,900.00 Sale Price $950.00 Excluding Sales Tax Quick View Newly listed Tphysletters Violation of γ in Brans-Dicke gravity Regular Price $1,000.00 Sale Price $600.00 Excluding Sales Tax Quick View Astrophysics Observations and detectability of young Suns’ flaring and CME activity in optica Regular Price $1,000.00 Sale Price $450.00 Excluding Sales Tax Quick View TphysicsLetters Tunable structure-activity correlations of molybdenum dichalcogenides (MoX2; X=S Regular Price $2,000.00 Sale Price $400.00 Excluding Sales Tax Quick View New Thphysletters Bayesian and frequentist investigation of prior effects in EFTofLSS analyses of Regular Price $3,000.00 Sale Price $370.00 Excluding Sales Tax Quick View New Thphysletters A search for faint resolved galaxies beyond the Milky Way in DES Year 6: A new f Regular Price $1,900.00 Sale Price $750.00 Excluding Sales Tax Quick View New X-ray polarization properties of partially ionized equatorial obscurers around a Regular Price $800.00 Sale Price $350.00 Excluding Sales Tax Quick View New Unravelling multi-temperature dust populations in the dwarf galaxy Holmberg II Regular Price $1,200.00 Sale Price $400.00 Excluding Sales Tax Quick View New SpookyNet: Advancement in Quantum System Analysis through Convolutional Neural N Regular Price $1,500.00 Sale Price $500.00 Excluding Sales Tax Quick View New Rapid neutron star cooling triggered by accumulated dark matter Regular Price $1,500.00 Sale Price $500.00 Excluding Sales Tax Quick View Newly listed Tphysletters Searching for Radio Outflows from M31* with VLBI Observations Price $300.00 Excluding Sales Tax Quick View New Thphysletters Measurement of the scaling slope of compressible magnetohydrodynamic turbulence Regular Price $680.00 Sale Price $612.00 Excluding Sales Tax Quick View MAKE OPEN ACCESS New method to revisit the gravitational lensing analysis of the Bullet Cluster u Price $1,030.00 Excluding Sales Tax Quick View New Thphysletters New method to revisit the gravitational lensing analysis of the Bullet Cluster u Regular Price $599.00 Sale Price $359.40 Excluding Sales Tax Quick View New Nebular spectra from Type Ia supernova explosion models compared to JWST observa Regular Price $503.00 Sale Price $271.62 Excluding Sales Tax Quick View New Thphysletters The Nature of the 1 MeV-Gamma quantum in a Classic Interpretation of the Quantum Price $399.00 Excluding Sales Tax Quick View Exceptional Classifications of Non-Hermitian Systems Price $399.00 Excluding Sales Tax Quick View New Thphysletters On the occurrence of stellar fission in binary-driven hypernovae Price $399.00 Excluding Sales Tax Quick View New ApplSciLettersA AC frequency influence on pump temperature Price $399.00 Excluding Sales Tax Quick View New ApplSciLett. 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Theoretical Physics Letters HOME JOURNALS PRICING AND PLANS SUBMIT Locked Citation (0) Sunday, April 2, 2023 at 6:45:00 AM UTC Request Open Apply Now 10.1490/659774.695tpl Gravitational wave microlensing by dressed primordial black holes Juan Urrutia Theoretical Physics Letters 2023 ° 02(04) ° 10-06 https://www.wikipt.org/tphysicsletters DOI: 10.1490/659774.695tpl TOA Abstract Introduction Conclusion Unlock Only Changeover the Schrödinger Equation This option will drive you towards only the selected publication. If you want to save money then choose the full access plan from the right side. Unlock all Get access to entire database This option will unlock the entire database of us to you without any limitations for a specific time period. This offer is limited to 100000 clients if you make delay further, the offer slots will be booked soon. Afterwards, the prices will be 50% hiked. Buy Unlock us Newsletters Abstract We study gravitational wave microlensing by primordial black holes (PBHs), accounting for the effect of a particle dark matter minihalo surrounding them. Such minihaloes are expected when PBHs make up only a fraction of all dark matter. We find that the LIGO-Virgo detections imply a 1σ bound on the abundance of PBHs heavier than 50M . The next generation observatories can potentially probe PBHs as light as 0.01M and down to 2 × 10−4 fraction of all dark matter. We also show that these detectors can distinguish between dressed and naked PBHs, providing a novel way to study the distribution of particle dark matter around black holes and potentially shed light on the origins of black holes. Introduction Primordial black holes (PBHs) as a potential dark matter (DM) candidate, have gained renewed interest due to their testability through gravitational wave (GW) observations [1, 2]. Given the existing constraints on PBH [3], they may comprise all of DM only in the asteroid mass window 10−16M . mPBH . 10−11M . Yet, heavier PBHs may be related to the seeding of cosmic structures [4–6] including the high redshift surprisingly luminous galaxies observed by the James Webb telescope [7– 9]. After the first detections of black hole (BH) binaries by LIGO [10], speculations of their possible primordial origin were presented [11–13]. The subsequent analyses of the observed binary population [14–16] indicate that many of these BHs are likely to have an astrophysical origin [17–20], while the observed merger rate suggests that stellar mass PBHs cannot account for more than a percent of all DM [17, 21–26]. The next generation GW observatories can probe PBH binary populations across a broad parameter range [27, 28]. Gravitational lensing has provided important probes of PBH DM, with 10−11M . mPBH . 30M PBHs constrained by stellar microlensing [29–35] and heavier PBHs by the lensing of type Ia supernovae [36, 37] or GWs [38]. At high masses, mPBH & 100M , the most stringent constraints arise from the accretion of baryons into PBHs [39–45]. The search for PBHs and other compact astrophysical objects in the stellar mass range can be conducted through GW lensing, with next-generation GW observatories, such as the Einstein Telescope (ET), having the potential to confirm or exclude the primordial origin for the observed BH mergers [38, 46–49]. Conventional optical microlensing searches rely on the lens transiting through its Einstein radius and become challenging when the transit time exceeds the duration of the experiment. GW microlensing, on the other hand, relies on the interference of the multiple paths the GW takes around the lens [50] allowing for the detection of much heavier lenses. Although various different DM substructures have been considered as lenses [51–54], the expected rate of such events has been shown to be low [55]. ! Widget Didn’t Load Check your internet and refresh this page. If that doesn’t work, contact us. TOC (TphysicsLetters) TOC (TphysicsLetters) The Nature of the 1 MeV-Gamma Quantum in a Classic Interpretation of the Quantum Nebular spectra from Type Ia supernov Physics Tomorrow TOC HIGHLIGHTS 2023 TOC HIGHLIGHTS 2023 Theoretical Physics Letters Physics Tomorrow ZZ Ceti stars of the southern ecliptic hemisphere re-observed by TESS ZZ Ceti stars of the southern ecliptic hemisphere re-observed by TESS Physics Tomorrow ! Widget Didn’t Load Check your internet and refresh this page. If that doesn’t work, contact us. 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PTL NANO ||Quantum Dot Source-Drain Transport Response at Microwave Frequencies PTL NANO HOME JOURNALS PRICING AND PLANS SUBMIT Locked Heading 4 Submitted - 06 November 2022 Reviewed - 02 February 2023 Accepted - 20 March 2023 Sunday, March 26, 2023 at 6:30:00 AM UTC I'm a paragraph. Click here to add your own text and edit me. It's easy. Apply Now Heading 6 Heading 6 BACK TO TOP Quantum Dot Source-Drain Transport Response at Microwave Frequencies Harald Havir,1 Subhomoy Haldar,1 Waqar Khan,1 Sebastian Lehmann,1 Kimberly A. Dick, 1, 2 Claes Thelander,1 Peter Samuelsson,3 Ville F. Maisi1 PTL NANO "Acknolowdgement NA" Keyword Highlighted quantum, quantum technologies, centre for quantum technologies, quantum computer (literature subject) Unlock Only Read-only this publication This option will drive you towards only the selected publication. If you want to save money then choose the full access plan from the right side. Buy Unlock all Get access to entire database This option will unlock the entire database of us to you without any limitations for a specific time period. This offer is limited to 100000 clients if you make delay further, the offer slots will be booked soon. Afterwards, the prices will be 50% hiked. Unlock us Quick View Newly listed Tphysletters A Unifying Bag Model of Composite Fermionic Structures in a Cold Genesis Theory Regular Price $700.00 Sale Price $400.00 Excluding Sales Tax Quick View TphysicsLetters Detection of the large-scale tidal field with galaxy multiplet alignment in the Regular Price $1,900.00 Sale Price $950.00 Excluding Sales Tax Quick View Newly listed Tphysletters Violation of γ in Brans-Dicke gravity Regular Price $1,000.00 Sale Price $600.00 Excluding Sales Tax Quick View Astrophysics Observations and detectability of young Suns’ flaring and CME activity in optica Regular Price $1,000.00 Sale Price $450.00 Excluding Sales Tax Quick View TphysicsLetters Tunable structure-activity correlations of molybdenum dichalcogenides (MoX2; X=S Regular Price $2,000.00 Sale Price $400.00 Excluding Sales Tax Quick View New Thphysletters Bayesian and frequentist investigation of prior effects in EFTofLSS analyses of Regular Price $3,000.00 Sale Price $370.00 Excluding Sales Tax Quick View New Thphysletters A search for faint resolved galaxies beyond the Milky Way in DES Year 6: A new f Regular Price $1,900.00 Sale Price $750.00 Excluding Sales Tax Quick View New X-ray polarization properties of partially ionized equatorial obscurers around a Regular Price $800.00 Sale Price $350.00 Excluding Sales Tax Quick View New Unravelling multi-temperature dust populations in the dwarf galaxy Holmberg II Regular Price $1,200.00 Sale Price $400.00 Excluding Sales Tax Quick View New SpookyNet: Advancement in Quantum System Analysis through Convolutional Neural N Regular Price $1,500.00 Sale Price $500.00 Excluding Sales Tax Quick View New Rapid neutron star cooling triggered by accumulated dark matter Regular Price $1,500.00 Sale Price $500.00 Excluding Sales Tax Quick View Newly listed Tphysletters Searching for Radio Outflows from M31* with VLBI Observations Price $300.00 Excluding Sales Tax Load More Abstract Quantum dots are frequently used as charge sensitive devices in low temperature experiments to probe electric charge in mesoscopic conductors where the current running through the quantum dot is modulated by the nearby charge environment. Recent experiments have been operating these detectors using reflectometry measurements up to GHz frequencies rather than probing the low frequency current through the dot. In this work, we use an on-chip coplanar waveguide resonator to measure the source-drain transport response of two quantum dots at a frequency of 6 GHz, further increasing the bandwidth limit for charge detection. Similar to the low frequency domain, the response is here predominantly dissipative. For large tunnel coupling, the response is still governed by the low frequency conductance, in line with Landauer-Büttiker theory. For smaller couplings, our devices showcase two regimes where the high frequency response deviates from the low frequency limit and Landauer-Büttiker theory: When the photon energy exceeds the quantum dot resonance linewidth, degeneracy dependent plateaus emerge. These are reproduced by sequential tunneling calculations. In the other case with large asymmetry in the tunnel couplings, the high frequency response is two orders of magnitude larger than the low frequency conductance G, favoring the high frequency readout. Inroduction The ability to detect single electrons in the solid state is useful for a variety of applications, including spin qubit readout [1–4], electrical current and capacitance standards [5, 6], studying cooper pair breaking [7–9], single-shot photodetection [10–13], and nanothermodynamics and fluctuations [14– 19]. While many methods exist to detect charge, one of the main ways are by utilizing quantum dots (QD). These systems make excellent charge detectors due to their high sensitivity and well-established transport theory [20, 21], allowing detectors to be made predictable and with a well-understood operation principle. Originally, measurements were performed at DC, relying on a difference in current for the readout resulting in a bandwidth up to some kHz [6, 22]. In the last two decades, the readout methods have moved towards measuring the reflected power in a high-frequency tank circuit with resonant frequency in the 100 MHz - 1 GHz range. This results in bandwidths in the MHz range allowing for µs time resolution [23–25]. The response of the system in these studies is still governed by the low frequency response of the system, i.e. the admittance Y(ω) is equal to the DC conductance G of the system. In this article, we increase the QD sensor frequency to the 4 - 8 GHz frequency range where the cavity photon energy h¯ω is greater than the thermal energy kT [26]. This opens up the avenue to increase the bandwidth correspondingly by an order of magnitude, yielding possibly a time resolution sufficient to probe the electron position in DQD systems within the recently achieved coherence times [27, 28]. The pioneering works have considered the dispersive response of the QD at these frequencies motivated mostly by quantum capacitance effects [29]. In this article, we focus on the dissipative part that yields a stronger response, making it useful for charge readout [26]. We present experimental results for two devices and show that for both of them at sufficiently large tunnel couplings that we are lifetime broadened, Γ > kT, the low frequency result of Y(ω) = G still applies. However, when the device is tuned to the thermally broadened limit where the tunnel couplings Γ < kT, the measured admittance is qualitatively different from the DC conductance, displaying a linewidth of 2h¯ω in the QD level tuning and a factor two difference in admittance depending on the direction of the level shift of the quantum dot relative to the leads ε, attributed to spin degeneracy. These results are well captured by sequential tunneling theory, directly evaluating the admittance for a QD subjected to a time-periodic drive [30], or using P(E) theory in which the admittance is inferred from the absorption in the cavity [31, 32]. Lastly, we show in the other device which exhibits asymmetric tunnel couplings where the DC transport is suppressed while remaining lifetime broadened, the AC response in this device remains large, in line with Ref. 26, indicating a potentially useful consequence of probing QD devices at high frequencies. This response falls in a regime where neither non-interacting scattering theory nor sequential tunneling models are applicable. Conclusion In summary, we studied the high frequency source-drain response of a quantum dot. We showed experimentally that the low frequency result of Y(ω) = G holds for quantum dots tuned to sufficiently large tunnel couplings in line with the slow-drive limit. However, when the tunnel couplings are tuned to be smaller than the photon energy, the measured linewidth of the admittance Y(ω) is set by the photon energy. This response is well-described by sequential tunneling theory. Additionally, the low-frequency limit does not hold when the drive amplitude is made sufficiently large or with large asymmetry in tunnel couplings of the junctions. For the highly asymmetric case, it is also shown that the admittance Y(ω) can be orders of magnitude larger than the conductance G, indicating a potential benefit of measuring at high frequencies, as the readout strength remains large even for weakly conducting dots. References [1] B. E. Kane, Nature 393, 133 (1998). [2] D. Loss and D. P. DiVincenzo, Phys. Rev. A 57, 120 (1998). [3] L. M. K. Vandersypen, H. Bluhm, J. S. Clarke, A. S. Dzurak, R. Ishihara, A. Morello, D. J. Reilly, L. R. Schreiber, and M. Veldhorst, npj Quantum Information 3, 34 (2017). [4] R. Hanson, L. P. Kouwenhoven, J. R. Petta, S. Tarucha, and L. M. K. Vandersypen, Rev. Mod. Phys. 79, 1217 (2007). [5] M. W. Keller, A. L. Eichenberger, J. M. Martinis, and N. M. 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Theoretical Physics Letters HOME JOURNALS PRICING AND PLANS SUBMIT Locked Tphysicsletters/6981/11/1490/3728tpl/Tunable structure-activity correlations of molybdenum dichalcogenides (MoX2; X=S, Se, Te) electrocatalysts via hydrothermal methods: insight into optimizing the electrocatalytic performance for hydrogen generation Citation (0) Sunday, February 25, 2024 at 6:30:00 AM UTC Request Open Apply Now Article Rating by Publisher 8 T. Physics Article Rating by Readers 10 https://doi.wikipt.org/11/1490/3728tpl Tunable structure-activity correlations of molybdenum dichalcogenides (MoX2; X=S, Se, Te) electrocatalysts via hydrothermal methods: insight into optimizing the electrocatalytic performance for hydrogen generation Zhexu Xi Theoretical Physics Letters 2024 ° 25(02) ° 0690-3728 www.wikipt.org TphysicsLetters Physics Tomorrow Theoretical Physics Letters publications TOA Abstract Introduction Conclusion ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Not Applicable. Unlock Only Changeover the Schrödinger Equation This option will drive you towards only the selected publication. If you want to save money then choose the full access plan from the right side. Unlock all Get access to entire database This option will unlock the entire database of us to you without any limitations for a specific time period. This offer is limited to 100000 clients if you make delay further, the offer slots will be booked soon. Afterwards, the prices will be 50% hiked. Buy Unlock us Newsletters Abstract Hydrogen Evolution Reaction (HER) has always gained wide attention as one of the eco-friendly and sustainable pathways for efficient hydrogen generation and storage; also, two-dimensional molybdenum dichalcogenide (MoX2, where X stands for S, Se, Te) layers have emerged as a class of quasi-ideal electrocatalysts because of their large surface area, rich reserves and outstanding conductivity. However, besides greater HER activity, the maturity and diversity of modification strategies result in a more puzzling relationship between electrocatalytic mechanisms and the corresponding practical performance. In this article, based on a comprehensive review of fundamentals, principles and interconnected similarities of the MoX2 family, we focus on the structure-activity correlation of layered MoX2 for HER enhancement via hydrothermal synthesis. This method is summarized from different experimental systems to efficiently modulate the crystal structure and surface for boosted HER activity. Here, with the adjustment of three key experimental parameters: the categories of MoX2, reaction temperature and the molar amount of added reactants, the optimum HER performance can be obtained at the best conditions (MoSe2 species, 180℃ and a vast ratio of the reductant or metal precursor), and more microscopically, a controlled structure-activity relationship can be inducted. This summary may pave a new path for the controllable synthesis and modification of MoX2-based catalyst materials. Introduction As the environmental pollution and energy crisis become increasingly severe, hydrogen, owing to its tiptop energy density, renewability, high purity and zero-polluting combustion byproduct (water), has received greater attention as an ideal energy carrier to reduce the dependence on traditional fossil energy [1-3]. Over various hydrogen generation pathways (in Fig. 1), water splitting via electrochemical approaches has been regarded as a low-cost, eco-friendly and sustainable industrial pathway for high-efficiency hydrogen conversion and storage[4,5]. So far, numerous experimental studies about high-speed and efficient hydrogen evolution have been gradually categorized into two classes: 1) identifying HER mechanisms in pursuit of more strategies for accelerating HER reaction rates, especially at a wide range of pH containing neutral and alkaline electrolyte environments (theoretically) [6-12]; 2) the discovery and design of new kinds of durable and high-activity HER electrocatalysts (experimentally) [13-18]. Considering the class 1), the key to understanding the HER mechanism is to explore the inherent relationship between the microscopic viewpoint of intermediate adsorbed states (including intermediate species and the triggered activation and adsorption energy change) and the macroscopic reaction rates [19]. Although the perplexing principle of the HER process in different pH conditions (mainly referring to acidic, neutral and alkaline conditions) is still under heated debate, especially considering which factor plays a predominant role including the source of proton donors[6,7], the interfacial H*-M (hydrogen-metal) band intensity with the changed activation barriers[8,9], the availability of surface sites and electron trapping states[10], Hupd[11], pzfc (the potential of zero free charge) with the changed reorganizational energy[12], there is a common consensus based on the competing relationship between the extra water dissociation and activation step and the hydrogen adsorption/desorption step. Specifically, from the perspective of catalyst design, several feasible strategies should be implemented to accomplish two goals (as Fig.2 depicts[20]): improving the reaction thermodynamics by lessening the activation barrier from dissociated water molecules (e.g. creating more oxophilic sites); promoting the reaction kinetics by tuning the H*-M interactions (e.g. modulating the electronic structures)[20,21]. Accordingly, no matter what the respective value of two goals are in HER, more micro-to-macro relationship can be established between the HER-related principles and the apparent HER activity by taking theoretically well-defined surface structures and electronic band levels of a certain electrocatalyst into account. Another class of research entails the real-world design of a certain kind of high-activity electrocatalysts. Although noble metals with their compounds, especially platinum (Pt), exhibit the optimum HER activity according to the Sabatier principles[22], their rare reserves and exorbitant prices largely restricts the large-scale hydrogen production. With a comparably low overpotential, a low Tafel slope and a moderate ΔGH* (not too big or too small) to Pt, various materials have adequate potentialities to replace the Pt-based HER catalysts, including chalcogenides[13,14], oxides[15], phosphides[16], nitrides[17] and carbides[18] ranging from bulk to nanoscale. Fully considering important structural or physical properties like surface area, crystallinity, porosity, thickness, electron conductivity and layered assemblies, molybdenum dichalcogenides (MoX2) have superior activity and long-term durability to defeat other structured catalyst materials[23-26]. Accordingly, the suitable choice of MoX2 help govern and regulate the apparent reactivity and kinetics of HER by designing a practically high-performance electrocatalyst with controlled surfaces and morphologies from a theoretically well-defined catalyst surface based on the HER principles. Consequently, our work aims to provide a comprehensive structure-activity analysis of MoX2-based electrocatalysts to present a clear mapping between the sluggish-rate-related HER energetics of two intermediate thermodynamic states (produced by two competing steps: the extra water dissociation step and hydrogen adsorption with interfacial H*-M interactions, as shown in Fig. 3 (b)[27,28]) and the practical design of a high-activity electrocatalyst. Based on the aforementioned correlations among hydrogen generation and two classes of viewpoints (simplified in ........... Purchase to read more. Conclusion The low concentration of proton donors in alkaline HER, subsequently leading to the extra water adsorption and dissociation steps, identifies the value of active sites (edge and basal sites) and crystal phases in lowering the extra activation barrier and/or optimizing the H* adsorption kinetics; in addition, the outstanding morphology-based features (surface area, thickness, defects, disorders and crystallinity) of layered molybdenum dichalcogenide families pinpoint the roles of active sites and phases for more interpretable and feasible structure-activity analysis. In this context, hydrothermal synthetic method is used to exhibit a clear mapping between the nanostructure/nanosurface design and the practical HER performance by adjusting key experimental parameters. In this article, MoX2 nanostructures in different species (X = S, Se, Te), the molar ratio of added reactants (the Se metal precursor and the NaBH4 reducing agency) and hydrothermal temperature are considered for the modulated structure and the optimized HER performance. The tunability of the hydrothermal method can be well confirmed with regard to its structure-activity relationship and the underlying mechanism. A system of MoX2-based samples delivery their excellent HER activity, stability and kinetics, with the optimal value of overpotential η, exchange current density j0, Tafel slope b and charge transfer resistance Rct, which are well tuned by these parameters above. For better comprehensions of the parameter-tunable structure-activity correlations, the role of active sites and phases are crucially highlighted. In detail, different chalcogenide species are indicative of different exposure of surface defects as active sites on nanoscale; the concentration of the added precursor/reductant determines the specific content of metallic 1T/1T’ phase by inducing a 2H-to-1T(1T’) conversion; hydrothermal temperatures regulates the phase and defect structure simultaneously by generating a controlled core/shell-like structure with mixed phases. Furthermore, the tunable procedures contribute to more revelation in the weigh of the roles of structural factors (edge sites, bulk conductivity for in-plane activation and phases). The crystal phase plays the predominant role as the phase transition also results in the altered densities of active sites and intrinsic activity of basal plane. 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Micro and Nano Physics HOME JOURNALS PRICING AND PLANS SUBMIT mnpl/3659/5548/2023/Quantum capacitance governs electrolyte conductivity in carbon nanotubes Received 17, March 2023 Revised 26, May 2023 Accepted 29, July 2023 Heading 4 Mon Jul 31 2023 06:30:00 GMT+0000 (Coordinated Universal Time) Make this article Open Accessed Apply Now Publisher Rating 10 MNPL Readers Rating 10 Citation (5) 10/1490/55874mnpl Quantum capacitance governs electrolyte conductivity in carbon nanotubes Th´eo Hennequin and Manoel Manghi∗ Laboratoire de Physique Th´eorique, Universit´e Paul Sabatier–Toulouse III, CNRS, France Adrien Noury, Fran¸cois Henn, Vincent Jourdain, and John Palmeri† Laboratoire Charles Coulomb, Universit´e de Montpellier, CNRS, France Micro & Nano Physics J. DOI- https://www.doi.wikipt.org/10/1490/55874mnpl Acknolowdgement NA Keyword Highlighted Quantum capacitance, carbon nanotubes, nano Unlock Only Read-only this publication This option will drive you towards only the selected publication. If you want to save money then choose the full access plan from the right side. Buy Unlock all Get access to entire database This option will unlock the entire database of us to you without any limitations for a specific time period. This offer is limited to 100000 clients if you make delay further, the offer slots will be booked soon. Afterwards, the prices will be 50% hiked. 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By accounting for the coupling between the quantum CNT and the classical electrolyte-filled pore capacitances, we study the case where a gate voltage is applied to the CNT. The computed surface charge and conductivity dependence on reservoir salt concentration and gate voltage are intimately connected to the CNT electronic density of states. This approach provides key insight into why metallic CNTs have larger conductivities than semiconducting ones. Introduction Although much experimental, theoretical, and molecular modeling effort has been devoted over the past years to understanding water and ion (electrolyte) transport through carbon nanotubes (CNTs) [1–3], the origin of the electric charge localized on the surface of industrially important CNT based nanofluidic systems still remains unclear (see Ref. [4] and references therein). It has already been proposed that this surface charge could arise from functional groups at the CNT entrances [5, 6] and/or the specific adsorption of ions, such as OH− [7]. Although the above cited studies lead to the conclusion that this surface charge plays a key role in governing ion transport in CNTs, it is difficult to regulate it directly and one is left to making inferences, for example by studying the variation of ionic conductance G with the pH or salt concentration, cs, of the external bulk reservoirs bounding the CNT. Intriguing results have been obtained, including a power law behavior, G ∝ c α s , with 1/2 ≤ α ≤ 1, which could be interpreted as the manifestation of an underlying surface charge regulation mechanism [8–10]. Through a simplified feasibility study we propose in this work that by biasing a CNT incorporated in a nanofluidic system via an applied gate voltage, Vg, and taking into account explicitly the quantum capacitance (QC) of the quasi-1D CNT structure as well as the nonlinear capacitance of the confined electrolyte ion the pore, it should be possible to quantify the CNT surface charge density σQ and establish a link between the intrinsic CNT electronic properties and ion transport through the same structure, such as the electrolyte conductance through the CNT. A major conclusion it that these intrinsic electronic properties will depend significantly, under certain conditions, on whether the CNT is metallic (M) or semiconducting (SC). Conclusion As an concluding example, we consider the experimental results obtained by Liu et al. [30], who measured, for cs = 1 mol/L, conductances of 61.0 nS for M SWCNTs and 5.6 nS for SC ones with 0.8 ≤ d ≤ 2 nm and 5 ≤ L ≤ 10 nm. Using the DOS given in Fig. 1(a) with d = 1.5 nm and L = 8 nm, we can account for these two conductance values by taking Vg ≃ 0.35 V, a value that we interpret as an environmentally induced shift in the zero of the gate tension. More systematic experiments are clearly needed to ascertain to what extent the charge density and therefore the electrolyte conductivity through SWCNTs can be controlled by an applied gate voltage. Presumably, a more complete model for conductivity would be needed to account for the full complexity of real CNTs, including the influence of pH (via charge regulation), residual geometrical capacitances, and dielectric interactions. Reference [1] S. Guo, E. R. Meshot, T.Tevye Kuykendall, S. Cabrini, and F. Fornasiero, Nanofluidic Transport through Isolated Carbon Nanotube Channels: Advances, Controversies, and Challenges, Adv. Mater., 27, 5726-5737 (2015). [2] J. P. Thiruraman, P. M. Das, and M. Drndic, Ions and Water Dancing through Atom-Scale Holes: A Perspective toward “Size Zero”, ACSNano, 14, 3736-3746 (2020). [3] N. R. Aluru et al., Fluids and Electrolytes under Confinement in Single-Digit Nanopores, Chem. Rev. 2023, 123, 2737-2831 (2023). [4] M. Manghi, J. Palmeri, F. Henn, A. Noury, F. Picaud, G. Herlem, and V. Jourdain, Ionic Conductance of Carbon Nanotubes: Confronting Literature Data with Nanofluidic Theory, J. Phys. Chem. C, 125, 22943-22950 (2021). [5] S. Balme, F. Picaud, M. Manghi, J. Palmeri, M. Bechelany, S. Cabello-Aguilar, A. Abou-Chaaya, P. Miele, E. Balanzat, J.-M. Janot, Ionic transport through sub-10 nm diameter hydrophobic high-aspect ratio nanopores: experiment, theory and simulation, Sc. Rep. 5, 10135 (2015). [6] K. Yazda, S. Tahir, T. Michel, B. Loubet, M. Manghi, J. Bentin, F. Picaud, J. Palmeri, F. Henn, and V. Jourdain, Voltage-activated transport of ions through single-walled carbon nanotubes, Nanoscale 9, 11976 (2017). [7] B. Grosjean, C. 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Lemay, Electrochemistry at Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes: The Role of Band Structure and Quantum Capacitance, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 128 7353-7359 (2006). [13] I. Heller, A. M. Janssens, J. Mannik, E. D. Minot, S. G. Lemay, and C. Dekker, Identifying the Mechanism of Biosensing with Carbon Nanotube Transistors, Nano Lett., 8 591-595 (2008). [14] I. Heller, S. Chatoor, J. Mannik, M. A. G. Zevenbergen, C. Dekker, and S. G. Lemay, Influence of Electrolyte Composition on Liquid-Gated Carbon Nanotube and Graphene Transistors, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 131 17149- 17156 (2010). [15] S. Rosenblatt, Y. Yaish, J. Park, J. Gore, V. Sazonova, and P. L. McEuen, High Performance Electrolyte Gated Carbon Nanotube Transistors, Nano Lett., 2, 869-872 (2002). [16] J. Li, P. H. Q. Pham, W. Zhou, T. D. Pham, and P. J. Burke, Carbon-Nanotube-Electrolyte Interface: Quantum and Electric Double Layer Capacitance, ACSNano, 12, 9763-9774 (2018). [17] J. Li, and P. J. Burke, Measurement of the combined quantum and electrochemical capacitance of a carbon nanotube, Nature Comm., 10, 3598 (2019). [18] J. Xia, F. Chen, J. Li and N. Tao, Measurement of the quantum capacitance of graphene, Nature Nanotech., 4, 505-509 (2009). [19] T. Fang, A.Konar, H.Xing, and D. Jena, Carrier statistics and quantum capacitance of graphene sheets and ribbons, Appl. Phys. Lett. 91 092109 (2007). [20] Z. Jiang and D. Stein, Electrofluidic Gating of a Chemically Reactive Surface, Langmuir, 28 8161 (2010). [21] Z. Jiang and D. Stein, Charge regulation in nanopore ionic field-effect transistors, Phys. Rev. E, 83 031203 (2011). [22] J.W. Mintmire and C.T. White, Universal Density of States for Carbon Nanotubes, Phys. Rev. Lett., 81 2506 (1998). [23] M.J. Biercuk, S. Ilani, C.M. Marcus, and P.L. McEuen, In Carbon Nanotubes, Eds. A. Jorio, G. Dresselhaus, M.S. Dresselhaus, Electrical Transport in Single-Wall Carbon Nanotubes, Topics Appl. Physics 111, 455 (2008). [24] S. Ilani, L. A. K. Donev, M. Kindermann, and P. L. McEuen, Measurement of the quantum capacitance of interacting electrons in carbon nanotubes, Nature Phys., 2, 687-691 (2006). [25] T. Miyake and S. Saito, Quasiparticle band structure of carbon nanotubes, Phys. Rev. B, 68, 155424 (2003). [26] S. Maruyama web page, The University of Tokyo: http://photon.t.u-tokyo.ac.jp/~maruyama/kataura/ 1D_DOS.html [27] H. Zhang, C. Berthod, H. Berger, T. Giamarchi, A. F. Morpurgo, Band Filling and Cross Quantum Capacitance in Ion-Gated Semiconducting Transition Metal Dichalcogenide Monolayers, Nano Lett., 19, 8836 (2019). [28] C. Berthod, H. Zhang, A. F. Morpurgo, and T. Giamarchi, Theory of cross quantum capacitance, Phys. Rev. Res., 2, 043036 (2021). [29] S. K. Kannam, P. J. Daivis, and B. Todd, Modeling slip and flow enhancement of water in carbon nanotubes, MRS Bull., 42, 283-288 (2017). [30] L. Liu, C. Yang, K. Zhao, J. Li, and H.-C. 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Theoretical Physics Letters HOME JOURNALS PRICING AND PLANS SUBMIT Locked Tphysicsletters/6879/10/1490/585470tpl/SpookyNet: Advancement in Quantum System Analysis through Convolutional Neural Networks for Detection of Entanglement Citation (16) Sunday, September 10, 2023 at 2:30:00 PM UTC Request Open Apply Now Article Rating by Publisher 10 Thoeretical Physics Article Rating by Readers 9 Premium doi.wikipt.org/10/1490/585470tpl SpookyNet: Advancement in Quantum System Analysis through Convolutional Neural Networks for Detection of Entanglement Ali Kookani1,3, Yousef Mafi2,3, Payman Kazemikhah2,3 Hossein Aghababa4,5, Kazim Fouladi 1 Masoud Barati6 --------------------------------- 1 School of Engineering, College of Farabi, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran 2 School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran 3 Quantum Computation and Communication Laboratory (QCCL), University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran 4 Department of Engineering, Loyola University Maryland, Maryland 5 Founder of Quantum Computation and Communication Laboratory (QCCL), University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran 6 Swanson School of Engineering, Electrical Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania Theoretical Physics Letters 2023 ° 10(09) ° 0631-6367 https://www.wikipt.org/tphysicsletters DOI: https://www.doi.wikipt.org/10/1490/585470tpl TOA Abstract Introduction Conclusion Acknowledgement NA Unlock Only Changeover the Schrödinger Equation This option will drive you towards only the selected publication. If you want to save money then choose the full access plan from the right side. Unlock all Get access to entire database This option will unlock the entire database of us to you without any limitations for a specific time period. This offer is limited to 100000 clients if you make delay further, the offer slots will be booked soon. Afterwards, the prices will be 50% hiked. Buy Unlock us Newsletters Abstract The application of machine learning models in quantum information theory has surged in recent years, driven by the recognition of entanglement and quantum states, which are the essence of this field. However, most of these studies rely on existing prefabricated models, leading to inadequate accuracy. This work aims to bridge this gap by introducing a custom deep convolutional neural network (CNN) model explicitly tailored to quantum systems. Our proposed CNN model, the so-called SpookyNet, effectively overcomes the challenge of handling complex numbers data inherent to quantum systems and achieves an accuracy of 98.5%. Developing this custom model enhances our ability to analyze and understand quantum states. However, first and foremost, quantum states should be classified more precisely to examine fully and partially entangled states, which is one of the cases we are currently studying. As machine learning and quantum information theory are integrated into quantum systems analysis, various perspectives, and approaches emerge, paving the way for innovative insights and breakthroughs in this field. Introduction In quantum mechanics, an extraordinary phenomenon known as quantum entanglement arises when two or more particles interact so that their quantum states become related [1]. This relation indicates that the particles become correlated and can no longer be described independently [2]. Any change made to one particle will be instantaneously reflected in the others, even if they are far apart [3]. Creating and increasing entanglement in arbitrary qubits for quantum algorithms and quantum information (QI) theory protocols, in which entanglement is a vital resource, plays an influential role [4]. As proof, it excludes undesirable energy levels in quantum annealing [5] and facilitates the exchange of quantum information over long distances [6]. It also provides conditions for transferring classical bits of information with fewer qubits [7]. The first step in creating and increasing entanglement is recognizing its existence and amount. In recent years, various entanglement detection criteria have been proposed [8]. Yet, the positive partial transpose (PPT) criterion determines entanglement only in 2⊗2 and 2⊗3 non-mixed bi-party states by indicating the state is separable if the partial transpose of the density matrix is positive semi-definite [9]. In other words, there are some mixed states that are entangled but still meet the PPT conditions, which are called bound entangled states, as they cannot be used to create a maximally entangled state through local operations and classical communication (LOCC), even though the reduction criterion has been practical here [10]. Moreover, Werner states are another instance in which PPT is violated [11]. Measurement of the scaling slope of compressible magnetohydrodynamic turbulence Buy Now A method for automated regression test in scientific computing libraries: illust Buy Now Conclusion In recent years, quantum information theory has witnessed rapid growth and faced notable challenges. One significant hurdle is applying artificial intelligence (AI) to this field due to the complexity of feeding data with complex numbers into conventional AI models. However, this article presents a groundbreaking solution that addresses this challenge and propels the field forward. The key contribution of this research is the development of an advanced deep Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) model, boasting an impressive accuracy rate of 98.5%. This innovative model successfully overcomes the limitations of handling data with complex numbers, thereby unlocking new possibilities for effectively leveraging advanced machine learning techniques in processing quantum information. TOC (TphysicsLetters) TOC (TphysicsLetters) The Nature of the 1 MeV-Gamma Quantum in a Classic Interpretation of the Quantum Nebular spectra from Type Ia supernov Physics Tomorrow TOC HIGHLIGHTS 2023 TOC HIGHLIGHTS 2023 Theoretical Physics Letters Physics Tomorrow ZZ Ceti stars of the southern ecliptic hemisphere re-observed by TESS ZZ Ceti stars of the southern ecliptic hemisphere re-observed by TESS Physics Tomorrow References [1] Franck Lalo¨e. Quantum Entanglement, page 189–222. Cambridge University Press, 2 edition, 2019. [2] Pawel Blasiak and Marcin Markiewicz. Entangling three qubits without ever touching. Scientific Reports, 9(1):20131, 2019. [3] Tamoghna Das, Marcin Karczewski, Antonio Mandarino, Marcin Markiewicz, Bianka Woloncewicz, and Marek Zukowski. Comment on ‘single particle nonlocality with completely ˙ independent reference states’. New Journal of Physics, 24(3):038001, 2022. [4] Gary J Mooney, Charles D Hill, and Lloyd CL Hollenberg. Entanglement in a 20-qubit superconducting quantum computer. Scientific reports, 9(1):13465, 2019. [5] Trevor Lanting, Anthony J Przybysz, A Yu Smirnov, Federico M Spedalieri, Mohammad H Amin, Andrew J Berkley, Richard Harris, Fabio Altomare, Sergio Boixo, Paul Bunyk, et al. Entanglement in a quantum annealing processor. Physical Review X, 4(2):021041, 2014. [6] Laszlo Gyongyosi and Sandor Imre. Adaptive routing for quantum memory failures in the quantum internet. Quantum Information Processing, 18:1–21, 2019. [7] Charles Neill, Pedran Roushan, K Kechedzhi, Sergio Boixo, Sergei V Isakov, V Smelyanskiy, A Megrant, B Chiaro, A Dunsworth, K Arya, et al. A blueprint for demonstrating quantum supremacy with superconducting qubits. Science, 360(6385):195–199, 2018. [8] Manuel Gessner, Luca Pezze, and Augusto Smerzi. Efficient entanglement criteria for discrete, continuous, and hybrid variables. Physical Review A, 94(2):020101, 2016 16 [9] Eric Chitambar and Min-Hsiu Hsieh. Relating the resource theories of entanglement and quantum coherence. Physical review letters, 117(2):020402, 2016. [10] Micha l Horodecki and Pawe l Horodecki. Reduction criterion of separability and limits for a class of distillation protocols. Physical Review A, 59(6):4206, 1999. [11] Debbie Leung and William Matthews. On the power of ppt-preserving and non-signalling codes. IEEE Transactions on Information Theory, 61(8):4486–4499, 2015. [12] Ming-Jing Zhao, Teng Ma, Zhen Wang, Shao-Ming Fei, and Rajesh Pereira. Coherence concurrence for x states. Quantum Information Processing, 19:1–9, 2020. [13] Jaydeep Kumar Basak, Debarshi Basu, Vinay Malvimat, Himanshu Parihar, and Gautam Sengupta. Page curve for entanglement negativity through geometric evaporation. SciPost Physics, 12(1):004, 2022. [14] Ludovico Lami and Maksim E Shirokov. Attainability and lower semi-continuity of the relative entropy of entanglement and variations on the theme. In Annales Henri Poincar´e, pages 1–69. Springer, 2023. [15] Spyros Tserkis, Sho Onoe, and Timothy C Ralph. Quantifying entanglement of formation for two-mode gaussian states: Analytical expressions for upper and lower bounds and numerical estimation of its exact value. Physical Review A, 99(5):052337, 2019. [16] Ievgen I Arkhipov, Artur Barasi´nski, and Jiˇr´ı Svozil´ık. Negativity volume of the generalized wigner function as an entanglement witness for hybrid bipartite states. Scientific reports, 8(1):16955, 2018. [17] Yue-Chi Ma and Man-Hong Yung. Transforming bell’s inequalities into state classifiers with machine learning. npj Quantum Information, 4(1):34, 2018. [18] Sirui Lu, Shilin Huang, Keren Li, Jun Li, Jianxin Chen, Dawei Lu, Zhengfeng Ji, Yi Shen, Duanlu Zhou, and Bei Zeng. Separability-entanglement classifier via machine learning. Physical Review A, 98(1):012315, 2018. [19] Philipp Hyllus and Jens Eisert. Optimal entanglement witnesses for continuous-variable systems. New Journal of Physics, 8(4):51, 2006. [20] Xiaofei Qi and Jinchuan Hou. Characterization of optimal entanglement witnesses. Physical Review A, 85(2):022334, 2012. [21] Peng-Hui Qiu, Xiao-Guang Chen, and Yi-Wei Shi. Detecting entanglement with deep quantum neural networks. IEEE Access, 7:94310–94320, 2019. [22] Cillian Harney, Mauro Paternostro, and Stefano Pirandola. Mixed state entanglement classification using artificial neural networks. New Journal of Physics, 23(6):063033, 2021. [23] Antoine Girardin, Nicolas Brunner, and Tam´as Kriv´achy. Building separable approximations for quantum states via neural networks. Physical Review Research, 4(2):023238, 2022. [24] Yiwei Chen, Yu Pan, Guofeng Zhang, and Shuming Cheng. Detecting quantum entanglement with unsupervised learning. Quantum Science and Technology, 7(1):015005, 2021. [25] Naema Asif, Uman Khalid, Awais Khan, Trung Q Duong, and Hyundong Shin. Entanglement detection with artificial neural networks. Scientific Reports, 13(1):1562, 2023. [26] Xuemei Gu, Lijun Chen, Anton Zeilinger, and Mario Krenn. Quantum experiments and graphs. iii. high-dimensional and multiparticle entanglement. Physical Review A, 99(3):032338, 2019. [27] Marco Paini, Amir Kalev, Dan Padilha, and Brendan Ruck. Estimating expectation values using approximate quantum states. Quantum, 5:413, 2021. [28] Sebastian Wouters, Carlos A Jim´enez-Hoyos, Qiming Sun, and Garnet K-L Chan. A practical guide to density matrix embedding theory in quantum chemistry. Journal of chemical theory and computation, 12(6):2706–2719, 2016. [29] HY Huang, R Kueng, and J Preskill. Predicting many properties of a quantum system from very few measurements. arxiv 2020. arXiv preprint arXiv:2002.08953. [30] Maria Schuld and Francesco Petruccione. Machine learning with quantum computers. Springer, 2021. [31] Xingjian Zhen, Rudrasis Chakraborty, Nicholas Vogt, Barbara B Bendlin, and Vikas Singh. Dilated convolutional neural networks for sequential manifold-valued data. In Proceedings of the IEEE/CVF International Conference on Computer Vision, pages 10621–10631, 2019. [32] Hai Wang, Mengjun Shao, Yan Liu, and Wei Zhao. Enhanced efficiency 3d convolution based on optimal fpga accelerator. IEEE Access, 5:6909–6916, 2017. [33] Zhiyuan Li, Tianhao Wang, and Sanjeev Arora. What happens after sgd reaches zero loss?–a mathematical framework. arXiv preprint arXiv:2110.06914, 2021. [34] L Lu, Y Shin, Y Su, GE Karniadakis, and Dying ReLU. Initialization: Theory and numerical examples, 2019. Available: arXiv preprint, 14(1903.06733):v1. [35] Linlin Jia, Benoit Ga¨uz`ere, and Paul Honeine. Graph kernels based on linear patterns: theoretical and experimental comparisons. Expert Systems with Applications, 189:116095, 17 2022. [36] Mohammad Yosefpor, Mohammad Reza Mostaan, and Sadegh Raeisi. Finding semi-optimal measurements for entanglement detection using autoencoder neural networks. Quantum Science and Technology, 5(4):045006, 2020. [37] Christian Szegedy, Wei Liu, Yangqing Jia, Pierre Sermanet, Scott Reed, Dragomir Anguelov, Dumitru Erhan, Vincent Vanhoucke, and Andrew Rabinovich. Going deeper with convolutions. In Proceedings of the IEEE conference on computer vision and pattern recognition, pages 1–9, 2015. [38] Kaiming He, Xiangyu Zhang, Shaoqing Ren, and Jian Sun. Deep residual learning for image recognition. In Proceedings of the IEEE conference on computer vision and pattern recognition, pages 770–778, 2016. [39] Karen Simonyan and Andrew Zisserman. Very deep convolutional networks for large-scale image recognition. arXiv preprint arXiv:1409.1556, 2014. [40] Shibani Santurkar, Dimitris Tsipras, Andrew Ilyas, and Aleksander Madry. How does batch normalization help optimization? Advances in neural information processing systems, 31, 2018. [41] Jiang-Jiang Liu, Qibin Hou, Ming-Ming Cheng, Changhu Wang, and Jiashi Feng. Improving convolutional networks with self-calibrated convolutions. In Proceedings of the IEEE/CVF conference on computer vision and pattern recognition, pages 10096–10105, 2020. 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Theoretical Physics Letters HOME JOURNALS PRICING AND PLANS SUBMIT PTL OPEN Sunday, February 28, 2021 at 5:30:00 AM UTC Request Open Apply Now In search of a new quantum theory: from an electron with a volume to the mechanism of light generation ACCEPTED COPY ! Widget Didn’t Load Check your internet and refresh this page. If that doesn’t work, contact us. TOA Abstract Introduction Conclusion Unlock Only Changeover the Schrödinger Equation This option will drive you towards only the selected publication. If you want to save money then choose the full access plan from the right side. Unlock all Get access to entire database This option will unlock the entire database of us to you without any limitations for a specific time period. This offer is limited to 100000 clients if you make delay further, the offer slots will be booked soon. Afterwards, the prices will be 50% hiked. Buy Unlock us Newsletters ! Widget Didn’t Load Check your internet and refresh this page. If that doesn’t work, contact us. ! Widget Didn’t Load Check your internet and refresh this page. If that doesn’t work, contact us. ! Widget Didn’t Load Check your internet and refresh this page. If that doesn’t work, contact us. TOC (TphysicsLetters) TOC (TphysicsLetters) The Nature of the 1 MeV-Gamma Quantum in a Classic Interpretation of the Quantum Nebular spectra from Type Ia supernov Physics Tomorrow TOC HIGHLIGHTS 2023 TOC HIGHLIGHTS 2023 Theoretical Physics Letters Physics Tomorrow ZZ Ceti stars of the southern ecliptic hemisphere re-observed by TESS ZZ Ceti stars of the southern ecliptic hemisphere re-observed by TESS Physics Tomorrow ! Widget Didn’t Load Check your internet and refresh this page. If that doesn’t work, contact us. 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Theoretical Physics Letters HOME JOURNALS PRICING AND PLANS SUBMIT Locked Tphysicsletters/6698/10/1490/687361tpl/New method to revisit the gravitational lensing analysis of the Bullet Cluster using radio waves Citation (0) Thursday, June 22, 2023 at 6:30:00 AM UTC Request Open Apply Now Article Rating by Publisher 8.6 Theoretical Physics Article Rating by Readers no data DOI: https://doi.wikipt.org/10/1490/687361tpl New method to revisit the gravitational lensing analysis of the Bullet Cluster using radio waves Youngsub Yoon a,b Jong-Chul Park,a,b,1 Ho Seong Hwangc,d ------------------------------------- a Department of Physics and Institute of Quantum Systems (IQS) Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea b Particle Theory and Cosmology Group, Center for Theoretical Physics of the Universe, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, 34126, Republic of Korea c Astronomy Program, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea d SNU Astronomy Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea Theoretical Physics Letters 2023 ° 22(06) ° 0631- 7361 https://www.wikipt.org/tphysicsletters DOI : 10/1490/687361tpl TOA Abstract Introduction Conclusion Acknowledgement We thank Douglas Clowe, Jérémie Francfort, Ruth Durrer, and Han-Gil Choi for helpful discussions. The work is supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) [NRF- 2019R1C1C1005073 and NRF-2021R1A4A2001897 (YY, JCP), NRF-2021R1A2C1094577 (HSH)] and by IBS under the project code, IBS-R018-D1 (YY, JCP). Unlock Only Changeover the Schrödinger Equation This option will drive you towards only the selected publication. If you want to save money then choose the full access plan from the right side. Unlock all Get access to entire database This option will unlock the entire database of us to you without any limitations for a specific time period. This offer is limited to 100000 clients if you make delay further, the offer slots will be booked soon. Afterwards, the prices will be 50% hiked. Buy Unlock us Newsletters Abstract Gravitational lensing studies of the Bullet Cluster suggested convincingly in favour of the existence of dark matter. However, it was performed without the knowledge of the original orientation of each galaxy before gravitational lensing. A potential improvement to this issue lies in the measurement of the original orientation from the polarization direction of radio waves emitted from each galaxy. In this context, Francfort et al. derived a formula that can utilize the information about the original orientation of each galaxy to obtain what is called shear. However, we demonstrate that shear in their formula should be replaced by reduced shear when the change in sizes of images of galaxies is taken into account. As the previous gravitational lensing analysis of the Bullet Cluster used reduced shear, we suggest applying our improved formula directly for the reanalysis once we obtain the polarization direction of radio waves. In particular, we show that our new formula can yield a more accurate analysis than the previous one, if the polarization direction can be measured more precisely than 10◦. To read the full article please purchase. Introduction There are many observational results that favor the existence of dark matter. One of the most convincing results is the gravitational lensing analysis of the Bullet Cluster [1]; matter present in the Bullet Cluster, be it baryonic matter or dark matter, distorts the images of galaxies behind the Bullet Cluster, by its gravitation. The authors of Ref. [1] analyzed such images to reconstruct the mass distribution at the Bullet Cluster, which did not coincide with the baryonic matter distribution obtained by X-ray image. Thus, they concluded that dark matter is responsible for the discrepancy. In order to analyze the gravitational lensing effect, certain assumptions about the original images are necessary since the observed images of galaxies alone cannot determine the distortion. In Ref. [1], it is assumed that the average orientation of the original galactic images in each small patch of sky, where variables related to gravitational lensing are determined, is zero. However, this can lead to errors if there are not enough galaxies in each patch. Although this represents the optimal approach based on the currently available observational data, the analysis requires a sufficient number of galaxies to statistically determine the gravitational lensing effect in each patch. Otherwise, accidental skewing of the original galactic orientations could lead to skewed results. However, it is now possible to determine the original orientation of galaxies from the polarization of the radio waves from each galaxy. The radio emission from each galaxy is known to have a polarization that is perpendicular to the major axis of its ellipticity [2, 3]. While the orientation of a galactic image is rotated by gravitation, polarization is not. Therefore, even if the average original galactic orientations were distorted in a certain direction by accident, possibly due to the small number of galaxies in each small patch of sky, it would not bias the data, as long as we know the original orientation and therefore are able to compensate it. Thus, we can use this information to our advantage to measure the lensing effect more accurately, as pointed out in Refs. [3–5]. Therefore, the position of dark matter at the Bullet Cluster may be corrected if we reanalyze the gravitational lensing effect with the help of the polarization data of radio waves, which would be available in the future [6–8]. Read more relevant articles Nebular spectra from Type Ia supernova explosion models compared to JWST observa Buy Now The Nature of the 1 MeV-Gamma quantum in a Classic Interpretation of the Quantum Buy Now STeP-CiM: Strain-enabled Ternary Precision Computation-in-Memory based on Non-Vo Buy Now Conclusion Let’s estimate σg, the error of 1D g for the new method. We closely follow Ref. [3] where an error estimate for a mathematically similar but contently different case was considered. We will use the following notation: TOC (TphysicsLetters) TOC (TphysicsLetters) The Nature of the 1 MeV-Gamma Quantum in a Classic Interpretation of the Quantum Nebular spectra from Type Ia supernov Physics Tomorrow TOC HIGHLIGHTS 2023 TOC HIGHLIGHTS 2023 Theoretical Physics Letters Physics Tomorrow ZZ Ceti stars of the southern ecliptic hemisphere re-observed by TESS ZZ Ceti stars of the southern ecliptic hemisphere re-observed by TESS Physics Tomorrow References [1] D. Clowe, M. Bradac, A. H. Gonzalez, M. Markevitch, S. W. Randall, C. Jones and D. Zaritsky, “A direct empirical proof of the existence of dark matter,” Astrophys. J. Lett. 648 (2006), L109-L113 doi:10.1086/508162 [arXiv:astro-ph/0608407 [astro-ph]]. [2] J. M. Stil, M. Krause, R. Beck and A. R. Taylor, “The Integrated Polarization of Spiral Galaxy Disks,” Astrophys. J. 693 (2009), 1392-1403 doi:10.1088/0004-637X/693/2/1392 [arXiv:0810.2303 [astro-ph]]. [3] M. L. Brown and R. A. Battye, “Polarization as an indicator of intrinsic alignment in radio weak lensing,” Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. 410, 2057 (2011) doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2010.17583.x [arXiv:1005.1926 [ astro-ph.CO ]]. [4] J. Francfort, G. Cusin and R. Durrer, “Image rotation from lensing,” Class. Quant. Grav. 38 (2021) no.24, 245008 doi:10.1088/1361-6382/ac33ba [arXiv:2106.08631 [ astro-ph.GA ]]. [5] M. L. Brown and R. A. Battye, “Mapping the dark matter with polarized radio surveys,” Astrophys. J. 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Kaiser, “Nonlinear cluster lens reconstruction,” Astrophys. J. Lett. 439, L1 (1995) doi:10.1086/187730 [arXiv:astro-ph/9408092 [astro-ph]]. [11] P. Schneider, “Cluster lens reconstruction using only observed local data,” Astron. Astrophys. 302, 639 (1995) [arXiv:astro-ph/9409063 [astro-ph]]. [12] R. D. Blandford, A. B. Saust, T. G. Brainerd and J. V. Villumsen, “The distortion of distant galaxy images by large-scale structure,” Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. 251, no.4, 600-627 (1991) doi:10.1093/mnras/251.4.600 [13] M. Bartelmann and P. Schneider, “Weak gravitational lensing,” Phys. Rept. 340, 291-472 (2001) doi:10.1016/S0370-1573(00)00082-X [arXiv:astro-ph/9912508 [astro-ph]]. [14] N. Kaiser, G. Squires and T. J. Broadhurst, “A Method for weak lensing observations,” Astrophys. J. 449, 460-475 (1995) doi:10.1086/176071 [arXiv:astro-ph/9411005 [astro-ph]]. [15] D. Clowe, P. Schneider, A. Aragon-Salamanca, M. Bremer, G. De Lucia, C. Halliday, P. Jablonka, B. Milvang-Jensen, R. Pello and B. Poggianti, et al. “Weak lensing mass reconstructions of the eso distant cluster survey,” Astron. Astrophys. 451, 395 (2006) doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20041787 [arXiv:astro-ph/0511746 [astro-ph]]. [16] S. Hou, X. L. Fan and Z. H. Zhu, “Gravitational Lensing of Gravitational Waves: Rotation of Polarization Plane,” Phys. Rev. D 100, no.6, 064028 (2019) doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.100.064028 [arXiv:1907.07486 [gr-qc]]. [17] P. Schneider, “Gravitational lensing as a probe of structure,” [arXiv:astro-ph/0306465 [astro-ph]]. [18] J. Francfort, G. Cusin and R. Durrer, “A new observable for cosmic shear,” JCAP 09, 003 (2022) doi:10.1088/1475-7516/2022/09/003 [arXiv:2203.13634 [ astro-ph.CO ]]. [19] C. Stanghellini, D. Dallacasa, M. Bondi and R. Della Ceca, “Arcsecond scale radio polarization of BL Lacertae objects” Astron. Astrophys. 325, 911 (1997) Suggesting other works Solve the Maxwell’s equations and Schrodinger’s equation but avoiding the Sommer Buy Now Self – Regulated Thermal Process Taking Place during Hardening of Materials ... 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